http://hopeisemo.com/blog/17517 en-US http://hopeisemo.com/node/2439 <p>Using data from observational postmarketing studies, investigators have extrapolated a tramadol abuse rate for the general tramadol-exposed population. (5,6) Ortho-McNeil, Ultram's manufacturer, funded a surveillance program that compiled tramadol abuse and withdrawal case reports from 2 sources: (1) periodic surveys for tramadol abuse case reports from a group of 255 substance abuse experts studying and caring for addiction communities, and (2) voluntary ADE case reports from health care professionals and consumers received by Ortho-McNeil. Over 3 years of surveillance, the program received 454 case reports classified as tramadol abuse. Over 5 years of surveillance, 422 cases of substance withdrawal, with primarily opioid withdrawal symptoms, were reported. There are significant threats to the validity and generalizability of the investigators' estimated abuse rate of 1 to 3 cases per 100,000 tramadol-exposed patients. Discount tramadol.</p> <p> The abuse cases were collected in nonrepresentative samples of the tramadol-exposed population. Tramadol exposure is likely suppressed in addiction communities with access to preferred, more potent or euphoriant opioids than <a href="http://drupal.org/user/307202">discount tramadol</a>. Voluntary case reports of discount tramadol abuse significantly underestimate the actual number of abuse cases in the tramadol-exposed population. In addition, the low survey return rate (49%) further decreases the accuracy of any estimation of tramadol abuse rates.</p> http://hopeisemo.com/node/2439#comment emo health life tramadol Tue, 3 Jun 2008 02:50:17 -0500 nevoo 2439 at http://hopeisemo.com